How Does Public Policy Affect Management free essay sample

This paper will identify events which led to a change in leadership and management as a direct result of Global Public Policy initiatives in Ghana. It will explore various Public Policy initiatives which led to a change in how the Ghanaian government conducts business both locally and globally. Ghana is a West African country which is comprised of approximately 24. 3 million people. According to Mihomme, â€Å"as a colony of Great Britain, Ghana did import 45% of her imports from Great Britain and did export to Great Britain 38% of her exports. The United Kingdom had then at that time, a dominant position, a position which was the result of a century of effort to create and protect trade, to pump in the finished products and pump out the raw materials. † After establishing its independence in 1957, Ghana became one of the first African countries to receive independence and was considered one of the richest African countries prior to the British invasion. Shortly after its independence, the Ghanaian government sought to establish a modern, semi-industrialized, unitary socialist state. The primary interest of the government was political and economic organization, the ability to increase stability and productivity by utilizing cooperatives, organizations, labor, youth and farmers. A West African country which was established based upon a power and a plethora of gold and the Trans Saharan trade. Prior to 1960, Ghana was considered the Gold Coast. During the 15th Century a plethora of gold was discovered between two Ghana’s rivers, both the Ankorbra and the Volata. Eventually, the Gold Coast was adopted by English colonizers. During 1874 the exporting of gold increased from 6 million to 9 million pounds. As a result of military coups’, Ghana had established three Republics. In 1979 a constitution was created, which identified a separation of powers between an elected president and the Parliament. The constitution was initially created to improve democracy and human rights, which ultimately had proved to be unsuccessful as a result of a declining economy and increased corruptive practices. Eventually, the government became decentralized from Accra into regions, districts, and local communities. The people of Ghana as well as a host of government officials sought to establish a particular democracy. There were many unsuccessful attempts to improve the economic stability and the quality of life for the people of Ghana. However, as a result there were several coups’ in which the military had overthrown the government as well as an increase in the divide amongst the wealthy and the poor. There were several committees established to promote their pre-determined initiatives, which included the National Democratic Congress (NDC), which contested the presidential elections. As well as the Parliament and the New Patriotic Party (NPP), all of which had a significant role in how the government would operate. Ghana began to establish policies based upon fiscal responsibility in concerted efforts to qualify for access of funding from international aid organizations as well as the International Monetary Fund. In efforts to increase revitalize their economy and increase exports as well as increase foreign investments. A rare success story, by the early 1990’s, Ghana was a leading nation of Africa in terms of economic growth (Britannica 2008, French 2008, World Bank 2008). Conceptual Framework In today’s society there are increased global initiatives of which many countries seek. It is essential for countries to become familiar with their domestic and global counterparts. There are a growing number of international donor agencies as well as Non-governmental organizations which assist in reducing poverty and increasing capacity building as well as sustainability in developing countries. Non-governmental organizations primarily focus on influencing governmental policies, collaboration with governments, have the ability to act independently of any government and can collaborate with non-government organizations. The incorporation of various cultures and global policy regimes as well as global business activities provided Ghana an opportunity to increase and expand its global business operations. The reduction of a possibility of fraudulent and corruptive practices and promoting initiatives on fiscal responsibility and awareness, Ghana has proven that it has the aptitude to identify areas of which there is a need for improvement as well as convey its lessons learned and best practices in an effort to promote sustainability and a competitive edge in a global market. The success of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is dependent upon essential critical factors. Cooke-Davies (2002) suggested that a comprehensive understanding of the factors that are critical to project success requires and analysis of the following: (i) what constitutes project management success, (ii) what is considered a successful project, and (iii) how can an environment of consistently successful projects be achieved. Telecommunications Act of 1996 which established the domestic marketplace to increase and extensive competition, which permitted new and existing long distance companies, wireless companies as well as Internet Service Providers (ISPs) an opportunity to promote initiatives for competing services. A direct result prompted the deregulation of ICT providers during the last 8 years. Global Public Policy is comprised of increasing international independence of a global business environment. In efforts to promote globalization and the policies and processes of social, economic, cultural, technological integration and globalization, efforts to increase the production of goods and services and an impact of telecommunication and transport revolution. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are initiatives which are used globally to promote efficient and effective communication methods to increase network capacity which has the potential to enable a country to maintain a competitive edge in a global marketplace. While promoting economic sustainability and trans-border economic initiatives, both telecommunications processes and procedures provided Ghana as well as many other developing countries an opportunity to establish business relationships which were less likely to be fostered without the presence of globalization and public policy processes. There are many advanced global telecommunication technologies, which result in improved communication methods, increases the timeliness of delivery methods and provides business opportunities for international business relationships and business initiatives. According to Mihomme, since the independence Ghana is a less active player in International trade than before the Independence. Its exports have decreased in value by 35% and imports have decreased in value by 4% since 1958. An industrial strategy of import substitution, using some of the formerly used exported products has impacted the international trade pattern of Ghana. Discussion: Discuss the impact of the public policies in the country you chose on the industry you chose. This section should be between 4-6 pages. How does the public policy in this country affect global business? Can you give examples or cite organizations in that country? Remember that you should use at least 5 sources in your paper. Conclusion: The conclusion should be 2-4 pages. Summarize the main implications for global business, based on your research and readings. This is the section where you can include recommendations or suggestion, as long as they are supported by the literature that you cited in the discussion.